The United States emerged from the war as a world power with significant territorial claims stretching from the Caribbean to Southeast Asia. On July 26, at the behest of the Spanish government, the French ambassador in Now the equals of the European powers, they showed similar tendencies toward benevolent paternalism that the European powers had shown the native peoples of lands taken control of in the 19 th century. It ended the world power of Spain. Newspapers in the United States printed sensationalized accounts of Spanish atrocities in Cuba, fueling humanitarian concerns. forces, and to establish a “stable government” that would “maintain order” and Spain’s military was outmatched from the opening of hostilities, and an armistice signed on August 12, 1898, brought an end to the fighting. Photographic History of Spanish-American War, p. 86. For each man you will find a name, the regiment he served in, the volume the regiment appears in and the page the man is listed on. McKinley assured them that if intervention came, it would be in the interest of humanity. In the fall of 1897 a new Spanish ministry offered concessions to the insurgents. U.S. victory in the war produced a peace treaty that compelled the Spanish to It would recall General Weyler, abandon his reconcentration policy, and allow Cuba an elected cortes (parliament) with limited powers of self-government. deemed necessary to guarantee Cuba’s independence. It began on April 25 and ended on August 12, 1898. The conflict lasted from April to August 1898. The bloody struggle for independence in the Philippines resumed in 1899, the U.S. having replaced Spain as the colonial power. Spain would end the reconcentration policy. Spain clutched at the only straws in sight. Supporters of annexation argued that Hawaii was vital to the U.S. three years of fighting by Cuban revolutionaries to gain independence from A fourth resolution, proposed by Sen. Henry M. Teller of Colorado, renounced for the United States any idea of acquiring Cuba. Paris on December 10, 1898. Spain, however, still refused to concede independence, which McKinley evidently now considered indispensable for restoration of peace and order in Cuba. Riots in Havana in December led to the sending of the battleship Maine to that city’s port as a precaution for the safety of U.S. citizens and property. Cleveland rejected their requests. of the Secretaries of State, Principal Officers and Chiefs of During the late 1800s, a few American leaders thought America should join the quest to take other lands. Humanitarian concern for the suffering Cubans was added to the traditional American sympathy for a colonial people struggling for independence. De Lôme immediately resigned, and the Spanish government tendered an apology. on the island. battleship Maine exploded and sank in Havana harbor under mysterious The "splendid little war" lasted ten weeks. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-American-War, Library of Congress - The Spanish American War, Florida Center for Instructional Technology - Exploring Florida - Spanish-American War for Cuba's Independence, National Park Service - Golden Gate National Recreation Area - Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War, 1898-1902, Social Studies for Kids - Spanish-American War, U.S. Department of State - Office of the Historian - The Spanish-American War, 1898, Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society - Spanish-American War, Spanish-American War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Spanish-American War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The president beat back an attempt in the Senate to include recognition of the existing but insubstantial insurgent government. The Spanish government offered to submit the question of its responsibility to arbitration, but the U.S. public, prompted by the New York Journal and other sensational papers in the grips of yellow journalism, held Spain unquestionably responsible. U.S. President Grover Cleveland (centre left) and President-elect William McKinley en route to the inauguration ceremony, 1897. The Philippine-American War is certainly one of the the most forgotten war in U.S. Military history. created much sympathy for the Cuban revolutionaries. Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power. While these aspects of the war created a widespread popular demand for action to halt it, the U.S. was faced with the necessity of patrolling coastal waters to prevent gunrunning to the insurgents and by demands for aid from Cubans who had acquired U.S. citizenship and then had been arrested by Spanish authorities for participating in the rebellion. {#19.78} (microfilm rolls #569, & 3933) . $20 million. States. If you are interested in books, videos, CD's etc. From 1895–1898, the violent conflict in Cuba captured the That same day, Spain declared war on the United The causes of the conflict were many, but the immediate ones were America's support of Cuba's ongoing struggle against Spanish rule and the mysterious explosion of the U.S.S. Roosevelt's political career ignited as he returned a war hero and national celebrity. Cuba had been fighting for independence for 30 years. The mysterious destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana’s harbour on February 15, 1898, led to a declaration of war against Spain two months later. on July 3 as it attempted to escape the U.S. naval blockade of Santiago. European colonial powers and American public outrage over brutal Spanish tactics Responsibility for the disaster was never determined. The insurgent leaders would now settle for nothing short of complete independence. produced in a region within such close geographical proximity to the United Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. On April 6 representatives of Germany, Austria, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia called upon McKinley and begged him in the name of humanity to refrain from armed intervention in Cuba. Fought between April and August 1898, the Spanish-American War was the result of American concern over Spanish treatment of Cuba, political pressures, and anger over the sinking of USS Maine. Mission, Guide to Country Recognition and Relations. On April 21, 1898, the United States declared war against Spain. By early 1898, tensions By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. margin of only one vote. McKinley responded by implementing McKinley and the American public were more favorably disposed toward acquiring The Spanish American War was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Washington, Jules Cambon, approached the McKinley Administration to discuss Corrections? The Spanish American War of 1898 was a war that lasted only ten weeks, but it had one of the biggest impacts of any war on the configuration of global powers. View scanned images of these cards at Spanish American War Veterans' Card File of United States Volunteers Indexes; Spanish-American War Muster Rolls and Related Records, 1898. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The United States emerged from the war as a world power with significant territorial claims stretching from the Caribbean to Southeast Asia. Spanish-American War, 1898 The war between the United States and Spain was largely fought in Cuba and the Philippines. “Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain!” became a popular rallying cry. Upon being informed of the signing of the resolutions, the Spanish government at once severed diplomatic relations and on April 24 declared war upon the United States. On the one hand, it sought support from the principal European governments. At McKinley’s request, a joint resolution of The McKinley Administration also used the war as a pretext to annex the independent state of Get the best deals on Spanish American War when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Now you do. Commodore Robert W. Shufeldt’s Voyage to Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, Chinese Immigration and the Chinese Exclusion Acts, Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power upon History: Securing International Remember the Maine, #yellowjournalism and the rise of #TeddyRoosevelt? The Spanish government rejected the U.S. ultimatum and immediately severed Recognition of that body, he believed, would hamper the United States both in the conduct of the war and in the postwar pacification, which he clearly foresaw as a responsibility of the United States. In 1893, a group of Hawaii-based planters and businessmen led Spain also agreed to sell the Philippines to the United States for the sum of Interest in the Spanish-American War is therefore increasing, and along with it, a desire on the part of many people to learn more about the 280,564 sailors, marines, and soldiers who served, of … four months later, when the U.S. and Spanish governments signed the Treaty of These conditions were graphically portrayed for the U.S. public by sensational newspapers, notably Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Randolph Hearst’s recently founded New York Journal. for authorization to end the fighting in Cuba between the rebels and Spanish Secretary of State John Hay called it a "splendid little war." The American public followed years of news reports about the brutal fighting and Spanish atrocities. In matter-of-fact and unsensational language, Proctor described his observations of the war-torn island: the suffering and death in the reconcentration areas, the devastation elsewhere, and the evident inability of the Spanish to crush the rebellion. economy, that it would serve as a strategic base that could help protect U.S. On February 9, 1898, the New York Journal printed a private letter from the Spanish minister in Washington, Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, describing McKinley as “weak and a popularity-hunter” and raising doubt about Spain’s good faith in her reform program. May 1, in Manila Bay, where Commodore George Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron defeated Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Theodore Roosevelt leading the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War, 1898; print created by Kurz & Allison. The future Secretary of State John Hay described city of Santiago on June 22 and 24. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. interests in Asia, and that other nations were intent on taking over the islands The surrender of Cuba might mean the overthrow of the government or even the monarchy. On June 10, U.S. troops In 1898, however, President This was the onset of the Philippine American War, the second war in which the First Idaho was involved and the war in which it would suffer its battle casualties. The long-held U.S. interest in ridding the Western Hemisphere of Major battles took place in the Spanish colonies of Cuba and the Philippines. the ensuing conflict as a “splendid little war.” The first battle was fought on The Spanish-American War was a conflict between the United States and Spain that effectively ended Spain's role as a colonial power in the New World. control of the island, foreswore any intention on the part of the United States States, and the U.S. Congress voted to go to war against Spain on April 25. Maine in Havana Harbor. There was widespread U.S. sympathy for Cubans as near neighbors fighting to gain their independence. In the spring of 1896 both the Senate and the House of Representatives declared by concurrent resolution that belligerent rights should be accorded the insurgents. U.S. victory in the war produced a peace treaty that compelled the Spanish to relinquish claims on Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States. The popular demand for intervention to stop the war and assure Cuban independence gained support in the U.S. Congress. The war that erupted in 1898 between the United States and Spain was preceded by Cuba was owned by Spain in 1895 but fought Spain for their independence. The war went on in Cuba, and a series of incidents brought the United States to the brink of intervention. The Cuban conflict was injurious to U.S. investments in the island, which were estimated at $50 million, and almost ended U.S. trade with Cuban ports, normally valued at $100 million annually. the Spanish naval force defending the Philippines. between the United States and Spain had been mounting for months. Visit Main Page for copyright data. Army garrisons in Cuba, the U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish Caribbean squadron The sensation caused by this incident was eclipsed dramatically six days later. The United States occupied Cuba and took possession of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule. On April 20, the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution that The Spanish-American War, in which the United States became involved in Cuba’s war for independence from Spain, lasted less than four months. A merica went to war against Spain to free Cuba from Spanish domination. The main theatres of combat in the Spanish-American War were the Philippines and Cuba. Nimbler, more compact and faster-firing machine guns were beginning to dot the globe’s conflicts — including the one in Cuba and the Pacific. The men listed in these pages are men who served in New York Units during the Spanish-American War of 1898. The war began as an intervention by the United States on behalf of Cuba. In a separate note, however, he made it clear that nothing less than independence for Cuba would be acceptable. Nearing a quarter-century of service, the heavy, hand-cranked beast’s days were numbered. The war began on April 25, 1898 when the United States declared war on Spain. On the insurgent side, the war was waged largely against property and led to the destruction of sugarcane and sugar mills. Meanwhile, Spain was going far in the acceptance of McKinley’s terms of March 27—so far that Minister Woodford advised McKinley that, granted a little time and patience, Spain could work out a solution acceptable to both the United States and the Cuban insurgents. Though President William McKinley had wished to avoid war, American forces moved swiftly once it began. volunteers the following day. Newspapers in the U.S. printed sensationalized accounts of Spanish atrocities, fueling humanitarian concerns. Photographic History of the Spanish-American War, p. 88. The Spanish American War ended on December 10, 1898 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Fighting centred on Manila, where U.S. Commodore George Dewey destroyed the Spanish Pacific fleet at the Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898), and on Santiago de Cuba, which fell to U.S. forces after hard fighting in July. These concessions came too late. Congress made Hawaii a U.S. territory on August 12, 1898. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. peace terms, and a cease-fire was signed on August 12. related to the Spanish American War, simply type in "Spanish American War" (or whatever you are interested in) as the keyword and click on "go" to get a list of titles available through Amazon.com. Emperador Carlos V: Larger and more powerful than the Cristobal Colón, this armored cruiser was one of a few Spanish ships to escape destruction of the U.S. Navy. An effort at mediation by Pope Leo XIII was equally futile. the Philippines to the United States. The war was also the first successful test of the new armored navy. It destroyed the Spanish Empire and ushered in a new era of American Empire. The Spanish-American War started on April 21st, 1898 and ended on August 13th, 1898. The Spanish-American War of 1898 ended Spain’s colonial empire in the Western Instead of accepting U.S. mediation, it would seek the pacification of the island through the Cuban cortes about to be elected under the autonomy program. Spanish American War: Back to conflict menu. Photographic History of Spanish-American War, p. 265. The Spanish-American War was fought over Cuba and their quest for independence, which was supported by the United States of … Spanish-American War A war between Spain and the United States, fought in 1898. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. the islands. The Rough Riders in Cuba included African-American soldiers who served in segregated units. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. As a result, the United States acquired Puerto Rico and Guam and bought the Philippines. The war officially ended Photographic History of Spanish-American War, p. 334. Popular pressure for intervention was reinforced by Spain’s evident inability to end the war by either victory or concession. This expression of congressional opinion was ignored by Pres. The Spanish-American War was the last great conflict the Gatling gun would take part in. Militarily, the Spanish-American War (1898) was not a monumental war. San Juan Hill, July 2nd 1898 (Kurz and Allison), Biographies Updates? After isolating and defeating the Spanish Spanish-American War Veterans' Card File of United States Volunteers, undated. Under the Spanish commander, Capt. The United States obtained Guam in addition to its other territorial gains. U.S. business interests, in general, opposed intervention and war. The Spanish government was caught upon the horns of a cruel dilemma. Thus, the war enabled the if the United States did not. After the U.S. The demand for intervention became insistent, in Congress, on the part of both Republicans and Democrats (though such Republican leaders as Sen. Mark Hanna and Speaker Thomas B. Reed opposed it), and in the country at large. Markets in the. When the Spanish-American War broke out, the Army was scattered throughout the American West in small detachments, and had little experience managing a large force. But the war provided the United States an opportunity to seize overseas possessions and begin building an American empire. A War in Perspective, 1898-1998: A War Becomes History The New York Public Library's online exhibit on the Spanish American War is extensive, well-organized, and well-illustrated with images of the many artifacts in its collections and other institutions. United States to establish its predominance in the Caribbean region and to They thought the United States’ victory in the Spanish-American War might help America conquer other places. Spanish-American War, (1898), conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America. Get the best deals on Spanish-American War Collectibles (1898-1902) when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. likely. promptly sought annexation by the United States, but President Grover to annex Cuba, and authorized McKinley to use whatever military measures he The Spanish-American War was a tremendous turning point in American history. 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