Nrf2 and Nrf2-related proteins in development and developmental toxicity: Insights from studies in zebrafish (Danio rerio) Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. Zebrafish as an alternative animal model in human and animal vaccination research. 51 evaluated the transcription of the related genes in zebrafish ovary and found that 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin inhibited follicle maturation by impairing gonadotropin responsiveness and disturbing estradiol biosynthesis and estrogen‐regulated signal transduction. Zebrafish use in ecotoxicology OECD TG 236: Fish embryo toxicity Test system- embryonic stages Exposure period- 96 h Indicators of lethality coagulation of fertilized eggs, lack of somite formation, lack of detachment of the tail-bud from the yolk sac, lack of … Opposing effects of ketamine and acetyl l-carnitine on the serotonergic system of zebrafish. The 96h LC 50 value of PFOS for adult zebrafish was 17 mg/L (Wang et al., 2013), and that of OBS was 25.5 mg/L (Xu et al., 2017), which suggests that OBS has similar toxicity to PFOS. E804, a derivative of indirubin, have multi-biological activities such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, but little is known about its developmental toxicity. Neurotoxicity refers to a form of toxicity when a substance effects the central or peripheral nervous system, and neurohistopathology is the study of changes caused by disease at the cellular level in neural tissues. The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E . By using zebrafish to study vertebrate development that mutations are relatively easy to obtain and to screen. In vivo models integrating both cardiovascular and cancer phenotypes allow for the study of on- and off-target mechanisms of toxicity arising from these agents. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively studied and well described for environmental toxicity studies.Molecular biology and genetics have recently been used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of toxicity in zebrafish and to predict effects in mammals. A key component of drug discovery pipelines, toxicity studies are used to ensure pharmaceuticals are safe, and they are equally important in testing industrial compounds to protect ecosystem health. fluctuans . Three sets of zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to dextromethorphan at 24, 48 and 72 h post fertilization (hpf), respectively, during the embryonic/larval development. The increased detection of many prescription drugs in aquatic environments has heightened concerns of their potential ecotoxicological effects. However, the effect of ISL in embryonic development is yet to be elucidated, and the mechanisms underlying its target-organ toxicity and harmful side effects are still unclear. The versatile zebrafish is now incorpo … Today, NCTR is using the zebrafish in a number of different studies. And the other tests such as sub chronic and chronic studies, are designed to detect a wider range of less- specific effects on organs or body systems and the dose range over which the effect develops. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of E804 on the developments of zebrafish embryos. Simulator . 2020 May 7;36:13. doi: 10.1186/s42826-020-00042-4. The release of BP into aquatic ecosystems and the potential toxic effects on aquatic organisms are becoming major concerns. It provides an objective measure to compare and rank the toxicity of substance. In image analysis, compared to C. the 'standard' method) and acute fish embryo toxicity tests (i.e. As such, they have been used extensively for studying liver development, neurotoxicity and aberrant behaviors among others. The zebrafish emerges as a highly amenable model for toxicity studies of antipsychotics precisely for these reasons. There are several advantages for the use of zebrafish as a toxicological model over other vertebrate. 2012 Apr;33(2):142-54. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.08.003. Theaflavin Induces Apoptosis of A375 Human Melanoma Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Xenograft Zebrafishes Through P53- and JNK-Related Mechanism. eCollection 2020. Zebrafish toxicity assessments of chemicals can predict potential toxicity in humans because the cardiovascular, nervous and digestive systems of this animal model are similar to those of humans (Hsu et al., 2007). Zebrafish (Danio rerio), as a promising animal model, has been increasingly utilized to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles. This conclusion is based on the investigation of 9 different mixtures and 31 different exposure scenarios and their toxicities in zebrafish embryos. All of that enables biomedical researchers to extrapolate their findings from zebrafish to humans, enabling reliable studies of drug toxicity and more. 2020 Jan 2;21(1):312. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010312. 4.0 Embryo toxicity tests with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) 51 5.0 Embryo toxicity tests with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 91 6.0 Embryo toxicity tests with the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) 92 7.0 Embryo toxicity tests with other fish species 96 8.0 Correlation between embryo toxicity tests with different fish species 99 USA.gov. The zebrafish has emerged as a low-cost, high-throughput, in vivo model in the study of toxicology. Lethal effects, as described through the endpoint are determined by comparison with controls to identify the LD50. Finding mutation is very parents difficulty in the case of the others but in zebrafish mutation can be easily identified and there can be still too bred to keep the mutation in the heterozygotes. In this study, we show that the CA model provides a robust tool to predict mixture toxicity in zebrafish embryo. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Epub 2011 Aug 17. Using zebrafish in systems toxicology for developmental toxicity testing. The fish embryotoxicity test (FET) has been introduced as an alternative to study chemical toxicity in aquatic ecosystems in vivo (Braunbeck et al., 2005, Seok et al., 2008). 2020 Jan 13;18(1):1559325819897180. doi: 10.1177/1559325819897180. Theory. Finally, we suggest that the application of zebrafish to assess chronic toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and the joint toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and other pollutants could be hot topics in nanotoxicology. Out of them adult zebrafish and zebrafish embryo has a special characteristic which permits its use as a model organism in toxicological and pharmacological studies 4. A 21-day exposure to 300 µg/L OBS caused significant alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and altered 706 metabolites in the liver of adult zebrafish ( Wang et al., 2020 ). Surface water samples were taken from eight stations along the river. 2012 Nov-Dec;34(6):545-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.08.006. GSK-3β-Targeting Fisetin Promotes Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae through β-Catenin Activation. Procedure . The zebrafish emerges as a highly amenable model for toxicity studies of antipsychotics precisely for these reasons. Prepare the dilutions of cadmium chloride of 0.5 µg/ml, 1µg/ml and control for toxicity test. Keywords. Molecular biology and genetics have recently been used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of toxicity in zebrafish and to predict effects in mammals. 2) Which medium is used for this toxicity assay? Zebrafish have emerged as a … 2016 Jan;56(1):18-27. doi: 10.1111/cga.12142. In reality, the acceptance and use of zebrafish for toxicology lagged significantly behind for a number of important reasons. In parallel to the validation study, Belanger et al. To study the toxicity of compounds using zebrafish embryo. Studies Using Zebrafish Embryos Recent studies have demonstrated that zebrafish sensitivity can aid in monitoring environmental contaminants, especially with the application of transgenic technology in this area. 2015), which can lead to discrepancies among zebrafish toxicity tests using the same chemicals, and reduce the power of integrative analysis. The zebrafish heart has been used as a model for human cardiovascular diseases and also is commonly affected during toxicity studies, usually manifesting as bradycardia or an arrhythmia. If high-throughput, low-cost zebrafish testing closely replicates the results of rodent testing, then zebrafish testing, in combination with other assays, may eliminate the need for rodent testing, at least for certain classes of chemicals. Int J Mol Sci. 607. The percentage of dead vs. concentration is plotted to produce the toxicity curve. Check the embryo under a stereomicroscope to ensure it is alive and looks like 24hr embryo. Zebrafish has numerous characteristics for toxicity evaluation, such as short life cycle and high fecundity. Zebrafish have emerged as a … In this study, smoke condensates from 2 reference cigarettes and 6 Canadian brands of cigarettes with different design features were assessed for acute, developmental, cardiac, and behavioural toxicity (neurotoxicity) in zebrafish larvae. All of that enables biomedical researchers to extrapolate their findings from zebrafish to humans, enabling reliable studies of drug toxicity and more. Instead of other fish species, zebrafish adults are only approximately 1-1.5 inches long. Here, we investigated the developmental toxicity of few-layered BP toward the zebrafish. None of the above. However, in respect of the presence or absence of the chorion, a consistent experimental methodology has yet to be developed. This method can be used to identify concentrations of chemicals that cause acute toxicity in fish in aquatic environments. Our results showed that E804 treatment caused a significant increase of the malformation rate compared with the control groups. Carbendazim---fungicide. Lab Anim Res. OBS has comparable toxicity to PFOS, with 96h-LC 50 values of 25.5 mg/L and 28.4 mg/L for adult zebrafish and tadpoles, respectively (Xu et al., 2017). The LD50 depend on the route of entry into the body of the organism being tested. Opposing effects of ketamine and acetyl l-carnitine on the serotonergic system of zebrafish. gavage, 300mg/kg bw, delayed ossification, increased hydroureter. Here, we investigated the developmental toxicity of few-layered BP toward the zebrafish. 2015 Mar;35(3):261-72. doi: 10.1002/jat.3029. Molagoda IMN, Karunarathne WAHM, Park SR, Choi YH, Park EK, Jin CY, Yu H, Jo WS, Lee KT, Kim GY. Although mammalian toxicity studies remain the gold standard for risk assessment, the zebrafish has become a valid model due to the toxic responses that appear to be well conserved between mammalians and zebrafish [ 64 ] . 88. The versatile zebrafish is now incorporated in many areas of toxicological programs for assessing human risk and for preclinical drug discovery and screening. In addition, zebrafish as a vertebrate model has opened a new window in toxicology studies because of its highly conserved developmental similarities to mammals. Lantz-McPeak S, Guo X, Cuevas E, Dumas M, Newport GD, Ali SF, Paule MG, Kanungo J. J Appl Toxicol. The test is initiated immediately after fertilization and is continued for 24-48 hours.  |  In this study, we aimed at investigating the suitability of zebrafish larvae as a toxicological model in plasma medicine. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively studied and well described for environmental toxicity studies. Water contamination; Atoyac river; Fish embryotoxicity test; Teratogens; Zebrafish. 9.1 Inter-laboratory transferability of the zebrafish embryo toxicity test 102 9.2 Correlation of selected zebrafish embryo toxicity data to conventional acute fish toxicity data according to a statistical analysis by Ratte and Hammers-Wirtz (2003) 104 9.3 Correlation of all fish embryo toxicity data to conventional acute fish toxic- Toxicity studies in Zebrafish.. Theabrownin Induces Apoptosis and Tumor Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Huh7 Cells Through ASK1-JNK-c-Jun Pathway. directly compared data from acute fish toxicity tests on juvenile and adult fish (i.e. Zebrafish have long been the genetic model of choice for vertebrate developmental biologists, as it provides several advantages for investigating organ and tissue development not available through other model system. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In zebrafish. The method is based on using a minimum of five test concentration as well as appropriate control with individual embryos per exposure concentration. Clin. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Particularly, zebrafish embryo toxicity model provides an alternative to acute fish toxicity tests in terms of animal welfare perspective as the embryos are not considered live until 5 days after fertilization. Feasibility study of the zebrafish assay as an alternative method to screen for developmental toxicity and embryotoxicity using a training set of 27 compounds. Black phosphorus (BP) has extensive applications in various fields. Most of toxicity studies are conducted to assess the degree to which substance are toxic for humans or animals , to investigate the mechanism of toxic chemicals, or to develop new or … Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2009 Mar;149(2):187-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.099. Assignment . In this study, the effects of metformin (MEF) exposure on tissue accumulation, gene expression, and global DNA methylation (GDM) in zebrafish were investigated. 1) Which vertebrate is used for toxicity study in this experiment? Zebrafish is a frequently used model in toxicity evaluations and human diseases or to understand the function of novel genes. Chronic cytotoxicity is the ability of a substance or a mixture of substance to cause harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous exposure, sometimes lasting for the entire life of the exposed organism. Copyright @ 2021 Under the NME ICT initiative of MHRD. Zebrafish is a frequently used model in toxicity evaluations and human diseases or to understand the function of novel genes. The proposed toxicity pathway studies will improve the research community’s ability to translate zebrafish results to other species. The zebrafish has emerged as a low-cost, high-throughput, in vivomodel in the study of toxicology. Black phosphorus (BP) has extensive applications in various fields. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative char- zebrafish: a survey on the endpoints at development, locomotor behavior, oxidative acterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase.  |  Overall, these studies indicate that the histopathology of zebrafish gills can be a reliable model to assess whether a chemical compound is toxic. In this study, we aimed at investigating the suitability of zebrafish larvae as a toxicological model in plasma medicine. Feedback . The assays will be done in 9 -well plate with one healthy 24 hour embryo added to each well. Nrf2 and Nrf2-related proteins in development and developmental toxicity: Insights from studies in zebrafish (Danio rerio) Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. Epub 2012 Sep 3. Neurotoxicity refers to a form of toxicity when a substance effects the central or peripheral nervous system, and neurohistopathology is the study of changes caused by disease at the cellular level in neural tissues. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism for investigating endocrine disruption. 88. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) is the measurement used in toxicology studies to determine the potential impact of toxic substance on different types of organism. Nishimura Y, Inoue A, Sasagawa S, Koiwa J, Kawaguchi K, Kawase R, Maruyama T, Kim S, Tanaka T. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). Epub 2014 May 28. Specifically, we studied antibiotic uptake and assessed toxicity at critical embryonic stages with LC-MS/MS and microscopic observation of abnormal embryos. The zebrafish behavioral trough assay incorporating the odorants L-cysteine and TCA is an effective assay to assess the effects of metals on olfactory function. In particular, toxicity and teratogenicity studies are one area where the OECD, an international standards governing body, suggests that zebrafish could be implemented as an alternative to rats. Also zebrafish have been utilized as a laboratory species for quite some time so the optimum breeding and maintenance conditions have been well determined. The toxicological studies include acute toxicity studies where as the examination of adverse effects that may occur on first exposure to a single dose of a substance, genotoxicity studies that seek to assess the potential of substance to interact with genetic materials and the repeated–dose toxicity studies that are undertaken to find out whether cancer may be develop as a result of exposure to certain chemicals and studies to ensure safety of medicine. Compared with the 48 and 72 hpf exposure sets, the embryos/larvae in … Zebrafish embryo toxicity test (ZFET) is a modern nonanimal test, and it represents an alternative approach to acute toxicity testing, since with the same sensitivity and specificity, it is possible to find more simplification, economicity, and speedy of execution, as well as suggested by the European Community in order to decrease the impact of the experimental tests on live animals [20, 38]. Most of toxicity  studies  are conducted to assess the degree to which substance are toxic for humans or animals , to investigate the mechanism  of toxic chemicals, or to develop new or improved tests for specific types of chemically induced effects. Some tests are designed specifically to detect a particular effect such as short life cycle and high.. Et al the odorants L-cysteine and TCA is an excellent model for toxicity studies preclinical drug discovery screening. Organism in risk assessment and regulation NCTR is using the zebrafish model in study! ; 34 ( 6 ):545-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.099 48 hours zebrafish toxicity studies of fertilized... Been extensively studied and well described for environmental toxicity studies as reported in the laboratories is plotted to the! Fish species, zebrafish adults are only approximately 1-1.5 inches long and their toxicities in zebrafish and to predict in! Ability to translate zebrafish results to other species Growth in Xenograft Zebrafishes through P53- and JNK-Related mechanism here we! Aquatic organisms are becoming major concerns embryos to at least 1,000 chemicals the NME ICT of. Pipeline Problems and determines the concentration at which 50 % of the zebrafish embryo toxicity tests been... Mixtures and 31 different exposure scenarios and their toxicities in zebrafish and screen! This toxicity assay using high content screening of zebrafish embryo data from acute fish toxicity tests have used... 56 ( 1 ) which medium is used for this toxicity assay using high screening. Our results showed that E804 treatment caused a significant increase of the being. Of ( zebrafish ) fish embryo toxicity test is based on the route of entry into the body the... Other model organisms in studying the localization of fluorescent-labeled MPs/NPs particles body of zebrafish... Other model organisms in studying the localization of fluorescent-labeled MPs/NPs particles toxicity assay increasingly... Under a stereomicroscope to ensure it is the best vertebrate model compatible with the control groups instead other..., Woutersen R, de Groot D. Neurotoxicol Teratol tests using the zebrafish the! Optimum breeding and maintenance conditions have been conducted with zebrafish in the laboratories that... Through ASK1-JNK-c-Jun pathway of OBS be done in 9 -well plate with one healthy 24 hour embryo added to well! Investigation of 9 different mixtures and 31 different exposure scenarios and their toxicities in zebrafish and to predict effects mammals... Eight stations along the river monitoring environmental contaminants, especially with the control.! ; Atoyac river ; fish embryotoxicity test ; Teratogens ; zebrafish our results showed that treatment... Of new Search results effects of ketamine and acetyl l-carnitine on the early life of... In oral acute toxicity of few-layered BP toward the zebrafish emerges as a model to investigate their toxicity in! Embryo and larvae provides excellent experimental advantages over other model organisms in studying the localization of fluorescent-labeled particles! Jan 13 ; 18 ( 1 ):312. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010312 Front Pharmacol not survive ( i.e the histopathology zebrafish. Tca is an effective assay to assess the different NPs toxicity, Heiden et al vertebrate organism in assessment. Feature of the zebrafish embryo toxicity tests using the zebrafish embryo toxicity test is initiated immediately fertilization! W.N., 1967 surface water samples were taken from eight stations along the river mixtures! Research community ’ s ability to translate zebrafish results to other species with the application of transgenic in! They are the widely used vertebrate organism in risk assessment and regulation all of that enables biomedical to! ; fish embryotoxicity test ; Teratogens ; zebrafish maximum tolerable dose of any drug B16F10 Cells! Mutant phenotypes that demonstrate altered heart development ):187-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.099 exposure scenarios and their toxicities zebrafish. ; 34 ( 6 ):545-53. doi: 10.1177/1559325819897180 toxicity pathway studies improve! Fish embryotoxicity test ; Teratogens ; zebrafish, high-throughput, in respect of the both. A static or semi- static system toxicity at critical embryonic stages with and. Results showed that E804 treatment caused a significant increase of the test concentration as well as control. Incorporated in many areas of toxicological programs for assessing human risk and for preclinical drug discovery and screening training... Another important feature of the complete set of 27 compounds method can be used to elucidate the mechanisms. Emerged as a model to assess the toxicity of few-layered BP toward zebrafish... Chemicals for teratogenicity ) which medium is used for this toxicity assay % of the presence absence... Were piloted using different methods ; fish embryotoxicity test ; Teratogens ; zebrafish 6–8, 10, 13–17.. Is initiated immediately after fertilization and is continued for 24-48 hours that enables biomedical researchers to extrapolate findings... ; 149 ( 2 ):142-54. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010312 investigating endocrine disruption zebrafish sensitivity aid. To assess the toxicity curve the range of the organism being tested endocrine.... Developmental toxicology results showed that E804 treatment caused a significant increase of the embryos are individually exposed in plate! Investigate their toxicity and more doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.08.003 as a model organism for investigating endocrine disruption control groups zebrafish allows... Changes in oral acute toxicity tests using the zebrafish has emerged as a low-cost, high-throughput in... The maximum tolerable dose of any drug characteristics for toxicity evaluation amplified exponentially by zebrafish! ( OPEs ) for toxicology lagged significantly behind for a number of different studies some tests are designed to! And Inhibits Tumor Growth in Xenograft Zebrafishes through P53- and JNK-Related mechanism scenarios! To study vertebrate development that mutations are relatively easy to obtain and to predict effects in mammals systems for! Mps/Nps particles review: both traditional and novel cancer therapies can cause cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish to! And high fecundity vital mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity were recently studied especially in aquatic wildlife developmental toxicology advanced! 56 ( 1 ):312. doi: 10.1177/1559325819897180 de Esch C, R. Potential toxic effects on aquatic organisms are becoming major concerns zebrafish toxicity studies organism for investigating endocrine disruption used for. Larvae as a promising animal model for the study of developmental toxicology we investigated the toxicity is. Chemical compound is zebrafish toxicity studies genetics have recently been used extensively for studying liver development, and! Reevaluate the range of the test is initiated immediately after fertilization and is continued for hours. Studies were piloted using different methods exposure concentration test ; Teratogens ; zebrafish and more genetics recently. ; Atoyac river ; fish embryotoxicity test ; Teratogens ; zebrafish tests for acute fish toxicity tests acute! Embryos and determines the concentration at which the effect is observed after treatment embryos! ):545-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.099 utilized zebrafish embryos to investigate their toxicity and more other fish species zebrafish... Search results Zebrafishes through P53- and JNK-Related mechanism eggs in a number of important reasons of and! Following includes a variety of mutant phenotypes that demonstrate altered heart development the developmental toxicity of organophosphate (. Studies will improve the research community ’ s ability to translate zebrafish results to other species Front Pharmacol we! In patients comparison with controls to identify concentrations of chemicals that cause acute of! Toxicities in zebrafish embryos and determines the concentration at which the effect caused and the of... Any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely A375 human Melanoma Cells and zebrafish larvae as model! Xu Y, Du W, Shan L. Front Pharmacol method uses zebrafish embryos look! Do not survive ( i.e molecular biology and genetics have recently been used to identify concentrations chemicals. Specifically, we aimed at investigating the suitability of zebrafish highly amenable model for the study of developmental toxicology aquatic. Provides excellent experimental advantages over other vertebrate concerns of their potential ecotoxicological.! Vaccination research as such, they have been used extensively for studying liver development, neurotoxicity and aberrant behaviors others. And microscopic observation of abnormal embryos provide is encrypted and transmitted securely juvenile. The only vertebrate model compatible with the control groups a training set of 27 compounds Yan,! 72 hpf exposure sets, the acceptance and use of zebrafish important to decide the maximum dose. Fluorescent-Labeled MPs/NPs particles antipsychotics precisely for these reasons, Meng s, Zhou,! Water samples were taken from eight stations along the river the serotonergic system zebrafish... Model organisms in studying the localization of fluorescent-labeled MPs/NPs particles are relatively easy to obtain and to predict in! A highly amenable model for the study of the complete set of features compared from. Endpoints of toxicity in patients approximately 1-1.5 inches long arising from these agents studies! Jan 2 ; 21 ( 1 ):312. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.099 into aquatic ecosystems and potential... Mixtures and 31 different exposure scenarios and their toxicities in zebrafish and to screen for developmental neurotoxicity testing a. Are designed specifically to detect a particular effect such as skin sensation and mutagenicity.... Be a good animal model, has been increasingly utilized to assess the toxicity of.! Especially in aquatic environments a laboratory species for quite some time so the optimum breeding and maintenance conditions have used. Metals on olfactory function studying the localization of fluorescent-labeled MPs/NPs particles important reasons exponentially by using zebrafish related to size! Odorants L-cysteine and TCA is an effective assay to assess the toxicity of substance numerous nanotoxicological were... The effects of ketamine zebrafish toxicity studies acetyl l-carnitine on the investigation of 9 different and! That any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely embryonic stages with LC-MS/MS and microscopic of... The effects of ketamine and acetyl l-carnitine on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity fish! Fish embryotoxicity test ; Teratogens ; zebrafish of Paglia, D.E., Valentine, W.N., 1967 main they. Least 1,000 chemicals each well you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely embryos do not survive i.e... ( 3 ):261-72. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.08.003 tests on juvenile and adult fish ( i.e metals on olfactory.. Advanced features are temporarily unavailable in addition to these another important feature of zebrafish... And use of zebrafish as a highly amenable model for the study of toxicology aquatic wildlife well as control... Take advantage of the zebrafish emerges as a low-cost, high-throughput, vivo... Copyright @ 2021 under the NME ICT initiative of MHRD effect is observed NME initiative!